Despite men not having breasts like women, they still have breast TISSUE.

Typically, men with larger breast tissue simply have an excess of fat, but some men can develop actual breast gland tissue. This development is often linked to factors such as certain medications or abnormal hormone levels, particularly elevated estrogen levels. These higher levels of estrogen stimulate the growth of breast cells, both normal and abnormal. But what causes these elevated estrogen levels? Several factors contribute, including medications containing hormones, being overweight, exposure to environmental estrogen (such as in beef cattle or pesticides), and alcohol use. Excessive alcohol can impair liver function. This prevents it from regulating hormones properly. Additionally, liver disease can disrupt hormone balance, lowering androgen levels and raising estrogen levels. This in turn increases the risk of both non-cancerous breast growth and breast cancer.

Since men don’t typically associate breast cancer with themselves and there are no routine screenings like there are for women, the diagnosis often comes at a later stage. This makes the disease harder to treat. Men aged 68 or older are also at a higher risk, as age further increases the likelihood of developing breast cancer.

Radiation exposure is another way men can get breast cancer.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is another condition that affects hormone levels. KS leads to lower androgen levels and higher estrogen levels, which in turn increases the risk of both cancerous and non-cancerous growths. Beyond breast cancer, KS can also cause physical traits such as longer legs, a higher-pitched voice, thin beards, small testicles, and infertility. These hormonal imbalances contribute to a range of characteristics that distinguish KS from other conditions.

Family genetics –

Men with abnormal BRCA1 (1%) or BRCA2 genes (6%) have a risk of getting breast cancer.

Important symptoms to know: Lumps in the breast or armpit areas, inverted or painful nipples, clear or bloody nipple discharge, and nipple sores. Just like in women, early detection is key. Don’t wait.

How are men diagnosed with breast cancer?

Just like women, men have several options for breast cancer detection. One common method is a mammogram, which uses x-ray images to examine the breast tissue. Another option is ultrasound, where high-frequency sound waves are sent through the tissue to create an image. Nipple discharge examinations may also be performed, where any abnormal fluid from the nipples is collected and tested. Finally, a biopsy is often necessary to confirm the presence of cancer.

There are four main types of biopsies:

1. Fine needle biopsy is the least invasive option, typically performed on palpable lesions. This procedure is often done in-office and results can be available within a day.
2. Stereotactic needle biopsy involves removing more than one sample from the lump. If the lump is difficult to locate, ultrasound technology may be used to guide the process.
3. Incisional biopsy is a minor surgical procedure in which a piece of tissue is removed for testing. This method allows for a larger tissue sample.
4. Excisional biopsy is the most invasive, where the surgeon attempts to remove the entire lump for testing, offering a more comprehensive analysis.

After the biopsy, further testing may be needed before moving forward with treatment.

As with women, treatment for male breast cancer is personalized, depending on the severity and stage of the cancer. Doctors take into account a range of factors, including the size of the tumor, hormone receptor status, and overall health, to determine the best course of action. Early detection and tailored treatment are key to improving outcomes, so it’s crucial for men to be aware of the risks and symptoms of breast cancer and to seek medical advice if any concerns arise.

Early detection is always key! If you are a woman, learn about the importance of yearly OBGYN checks HERE!